BIHAR

 

Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library

Ashok Raj Path, Patna 800 004

Website URL http://www.kblibrary.org/oriental.htm

 

 

Introduction: Mawlawi Khuda Bakhsh, (1842-1908), a native of Bihar and chief justice of the Hyderabad High Court established one of the largest collections of manuscripts founded in 1891.  Introductory text is by B.M. Gupta, “Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library,” pp. 88-94, in Handbook of Libraries, Archives and Information Centers in India, edited by B.M. Gupta, (New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan, 1991). It is the only Islamic library in India commemorated by a postal stamp issued by India in 1995.

Number of manuscripts: 21,000

Catalog(s): Mahbub al-bab fi tariff al-kutub wa al-kuttab, by Khuda Bakhsh, (Hyderabad, 1314 A.H./1896- or 1897; reprinted by the Library, 1991)

Catalogue of Arabic and Persian Manuscripts in the Oriental Public Library at Bankipore, 34 volumes, edited by Azim al-Din Ahmad et al, (Calcutta and Patna: The Library, 1980).  For a comment on these catalogs see Edward Dennison Ross, “A Word on Professor Seidel’s Review of Bankipore Catalogue,” Zeitschrift der Deutsche Morgenlandaendenische Gesellschaft 66 (1912): 148-160, and 528.

Fihrist-i dasti-i kutub-i qalami-i Laibriri-yi mawqufah-yi Khan Bahadur Khuda Bakhshmusammah bi-Miftah al-kunuz al-khafiyah, 3 vols., edited by Abdulhamid and Edward Dennison Ross, & the III volume by Sayyid Athar Shir, (Patna: The Library, 1918-1965)

Vincent C. Scott O’Connor, An Eastern Library: With Two Catalogues of its Persian and Arabic Manuscripts, (Glasgow, 1920; revised edition published by the Khuda Bakhsh Library in 1977).

Fihrist-i nuskh-i khatti-yi Farsi-yi Oriental Public Library musammah bih Mirat al-ulum, (Patna: The Library, 1925)

Fihrist-i makhtuatt-i Urdu, Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, edited by Abid Imam Zaydi, (Patna: The Library, 1962) and Khuda Bakhsh Library ke Urdu makhtut ki fihrist, (Patna: The Library, 1995)

Catalogue of the Arabic and Persian Manuscripts in the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, 2nd edition, vols. 1-36, (Patna: The Library, 1970)

Tibb-i Islami bar-i saghir men, (Patna: The Library, 1988).  On Yunani medical manuscripts in the library.

Erkan Turkmen, “Hindustan ke Kutub Khanon main Turki Makhtutat,” Khuda Bakhsh Library Journal 54-55 (1990):434-35.

Zalmay Hewadmal, “Nuskh-i zaban-i Pushto dar Kitab Khanah-yi Khuda Bakhsh, Patna,” Khuda Bakhsh Library Journal 53 (1990): 204-217.

Arabic and Persian Manuscripts in the Khuda Bakhsh Library, Corrections and Additions, by Z.A. Desai,  (Patna: The Library, 1995)

Descriptive Catalogue of Rare Arabic Manuscripts Preserved in Khuda Bakhsh Library, edited by M. Zakir Hussain, 3 vols., (Patna: The Library, 1997)

Works on the history or individual manuscripts in the library:

For the life of Khuda Bakhsh, see the biography by his son, and a famous scholar in his own right, Salahuddin Khuda Bakhsh and Jadunath Sarkar, Khuda Bakhsh, (Patna: The Library, 1981). Mawlawi Khuda Bakhsh, (Patna: The Khuda Bakhsh Library, 2001), is a collection of papers on the founder’s career.  Earliest accounts of the library are found in T. Bloch, “Eine Sammlung Persischer und Arabischer Handscriften in Indien (Bankipore),” Zeitschrift der Deutsche Morgenlandaendenische Gesellschaft  Lxiii (1909): 98-102; J.I. Hasler, “The Oriental Public Library, Bankipore,” The Muslim World 6 (1916): 57-66; Sayyid Najib Ashraf Nadwi, “Kitab Khanah-yi Mashriqi, Patna,” Maarif (Azamgarh) (March 1923): 180-197. An account with a description of the Library is by Vincent C. Scott O’Connor, An Eastern Library, (Glasgow, 1920), translated into Urdu by Sayyid Mubariz al-Din Rifat, Ek mashriqi kutub khanah, (Aligarh: Anjuman-i Tarraqi-i Urdu, 1950).

The periodical Khuda Bakhsh Library Journal published by the Library since 1977 carries research based on the manuscripts in the library.  The Library also conducts seminar on manuscripts, see for instance, Urdu makhtutat: Khuda Bakhsh Junubi Aishiyai Ilaqai Seminar 1987 ke maqalat, (Patna: The Library, 1999).  Individual scholars who wrote about the manuscripts in the library include, Brahmadeva Prasad Ambashthiya, “An Urdu Manuscript in Khuda Bakhsh Library,” Indian History Congress Proceedings 21 (1958): 306-317; Rihana Khatun, “Nafayis al-Kalam wa Araiyish al-Aqlam: Raja Ali Khan Faruqi…Wali-yi Khandesh ke Ahad ke ek Farsi Tasnif,” Maarif (Azamgarh) March 1977: 204-221; Muhammad Atitqurrahman, “Khuda Bakhsh Library main Mawlana Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami ki Qalami Tasnifat,” Maarif (October 1980): 278-292;  Paul Sprachman, “Photographing Islamic Manuscripts in India,” South Asia Library Notes and Queries 13 (June1982), p. 9; Hatim Salih al-Damin, “Makhtuta kitab al-halabah fi asmaa al-Khil al-mashhura fi al-jahiliyah wa al-islam,” Majallah al-majmaa al-ilmi al-iraqi 34 (1983): 201-203; Wasim Ahmad Azami,”Zubdat al-Tibb: Ek Aham Tibbi Makhtuta,” Maarif (Azamgarh) April 1984: 294-307; Isam Muhammad al-Shanti, al-Makhtutat al-Arabiyyah fi al-Hind, (Kuwait: Maahad al-Makhtutat al-Arabiyyah, 1985), pp. 39-42; Riza Ali Abidi, Kitab Khanah, (Karachi: Saad Publications, 1985), pp.55-62;  Fuzayl Ahmad Qadiri, “al-Qael al-Jala wa Asrar al-Khafa ka Nuskhah-yi Khuda Bakhsh,” Maarif (Azamgarh) June 1987: 463-474; K.A. Shafique Azmi, Ghulam Mehdi, & K.J. Shamsi, “Some Salient Features of Kitabul Hashaish With Special Reference to Manuscript Preserved in Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library.” Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine 23, ii (1993): 143-148; Muhammad Zakir Husayn Nadwi, “Khuda Bakhsh Library ka ek MakhtutaKhulasa-yi Anis al-Talibin,” Maarif (Azamgarh) July 1998: 67-76. The following articles are most recently published in Pura-Prakasha…Dr Ziauddin Desai Commemoration Volume, 2 vol., edited by A.K. Sharma, (New Delhi: Bhartiya Kala Prakashan, 2003), pertaining to manuscripts in the Khuda Bakhsh Library, Mohd. Atiqur Rahman, “A Rare Bayad of Muhammad Husain Kashmiri,”pp. 342-345, and the same writer’s “Jahangir Namah—A Comparative Study,” pp. 356-358; Jamaluddin R. Sheikh, “Risala-i- Qadamiya in Prose of Shaikh Faidi,” pp. 346-355;

Present Conditions: As an institution established by the central Indian government, an Annual Report of the Library is presented to the national parliament every year, which would be a useful source of information.  Journalistic accounts include, S.N. Sahi, “The Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library,” The Illustrated Weekly of India 22 October 1967, pp. 26-27; Rashid Ali, “Maktabat Khuda Bakhsh al-sharaqiya al-aama,” Thaqafat al-Hind 41, 4 (1990): 143-150.  The library celebrated its centenary in 1991, see the report “Khuda Bakhsh Library ka jashn-i sad salah, Nida-yi Millat (14 July 1991), p. 7-8, and (28 July 1991), p. 10. For the state of preservation see the account by a former director Abid Riza Bidar, “The Preservation of Islamic Manuscripts in India,” pp. 15-19, in The Conservation and Preservation of Islamic Manuscripts, edited by Yusuf Ibish, (London: al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 1996).  A most recent account of the library is by Shuchi Sinha, “Old World Charm: Ramayana in Persian? That and Other Medieval Texts…” India Today 12 April 2002, p. 8; “Khuda Bakhsh Library in Dire Straits,” Islamic Voice (Bangalore) April 2003,

http://islamicvoice.com/april.2003/community.htm#kbl

 

Other Collections:

Kutub Khanah-yi al-Islah Desna, Patna It was established in 1899. See Abd al-Qawi Desnawi, Ek aur Mashriqi Kutub Khanah, (Dasna: Jamiat al-Tulaba, 1954). Syed Hasan Askari, the well-known scholar in his article, “A Rare and Unique Eight Century Arabic Manuscript on Embassies and Amanuenses of the Prophet of Islam,” Indo-Iranica 39, 1-4 (1986):1-20, speaks of the collections of Shifa al-Mulk Hakim Sayyid Mazhar Husain, Waqf Diwan Nasir Ali Library in village Kijhua, district Saran,  and the library of Raja Pyare Lal Ulfati of Patna who had significant number of manuscripts, though left in the hands of descendants unfamiliar with Urdu, much less Arabic and Persian. Syed Hasan Askari wrote two articles dealing with manuscripts in places not known, see “Historical Contents of a Newly-Discovered Persian Manuscript,” Indian Historical Records Commission Proceedings 16 (1939): 179-187; and “Fragments of a Newly Discovered Persian Manuscript by a Hindu News Writer,” Indian History Congress Proceedings 12 (1949): 270-273. See also the following articles, Mahmud Sher, “Azimabad, Patna ke Ghayr Maaruf Kutub Khaneh,” Maarif (Azamgarh) (January 1914): 46-52; Abu Salma Shafi Ahmad, “Kutub Khanah-yi Shakranawa,” Burhan (Delhi) 38, no. 1; Sayyid Abd al-Rauf Nadwi, “Chand Kitabon ke Qalami Nuskhe,” Maarif (Azamgarh) (August 1947): 130-136, which is about the collection of Shaykh Nur Ali in Sahsaram, Bihar.